Linux Servers

• Introduction: Debian/Ubuntu/RedHat/CentOS/Fedora/ArchLinux/Manjaroi/Mint/Kali
• Installation
• Essential Commands
• Login
• logout / exit / <ctrl+d>
• clear / <ctrl+l>
• reboot / poweroff
• passwd
• Virtual Terminals
• Shift PGup/PGdn
• ls -lha
• pwd
• file
• history
• cd / cd .. / cd - / cd ~
• mkdir -p / rmdir
• tree
• Relative / Absolute Addresses
• rm -rf
• cp -rv
• mv
• wild cards
• alias / unalias
• cat / more / less
• head / tail -f
• touch
• ln -s / readlink
• man, info, tldp.org
• whereis, apropos
• whatis, makewhatis
• which, type
• share/doc, tldp.org
• find
• xargs
• slocate / updatedb
• grep
• df -hT
• du -hscS
• ps / kill / killall
• chown
• chmod
• mount / umount / eject , (cdrom, usb) , fstab
• tar
• zcat / zless / zgrep
• unzip / unrar
• diff
• date,cal / unix timestamp
• hexdump -C
• Shell Variables (PATH, TMOUT)
• piping / tee
• split
• uptime / free
• top / htop / atop
• vmstat / iostat / iotop
• screen
• md5sum
• wget / curl
• dd
• dos2unix / unix2dos
• hdparam
• ncdu
• Editing text files: vi
• Command mode(ESC)
• Insert mode(i)
• Command line mode(:)
• :w :q :wq :q! :w filename
• copy/cut/paste/visual y d p v
• search forward/backward
• h j k l $ 0 G x o A
• Package Management: apt, yum, pkgtool, slackpkg, slapt, sbopkg, epkg
• Networking Basics (IP/Netmask/Prefix/Gateway/DNS/Subnet)
• IP Settings (temporary, permanent) - ifconfig , route -n , dig
• ip command reference: http://linux-ip.net/gl/ip-cref/
• ping / traceroute / ttl / mtr / fping
• mii-tool / ethtool / watch
• IP Forwarding (temporary, permanent)
• Bonding / etherchannel / Portchannel / LACP
• Source NAT
• Static Routing (temporary, permanent)
• SSH Server / ssh client, putty / scp, winscp / rsync / tunnel / sshfs
• netstat -nlp -tunapo
• NFS: Network Filesystem
• Open-iSCSI
• DHCP Server (range, fixed-address)
• DNS Server - Caching Recursive, stub resolver: bind, unbound, DJBdns(dnscache,tinydns)
• dnscap, dnscrypt, dnstop
• RFC/BCP: rfc1818
• PPPOE Client / Dialup
• User Management
• useradd -m -s / adduser
• userdel -r / usermod
• groupadd / groupmod / groupdel
• vigr / vipw
• chage / chgrp / chsh
• id -u -g
• whoami / w / last
• su / sudo / visudo
• Source code compile
• jdate,jcal
• epkg / encap
• ipcalc
• Cache Server: squid (transparent)
• logrotate / syslog / rsyslog / syslog-ng
• Firewall: Stateless, Statefull
• Filesystem Hierarchy Standard : https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml
• Bash Scripting (variables, for, case, if, functions)
• echo
• sort / uniq
• basename / dirname
• expand
• paste
• tr
• sleep
• wc -l
• trap
• cut
• bc
• dialog
• expect
• regex / pcre / egrep
• sed: stream editor
• awk
• Network Sniffing: tcpdump / ngrep / tcpick
• Web Server: apache, php, lighttpd/ nginx, php-fpm
• Apache: htaccess, htpasswd
• openssl / https
• Database Server: mysql, postgres ,redis
• phpmyadmin
• wordpress / drupal / joomla
• PHP: CakePHP, Lerevel, CodeIgniter, yii, Zend Framework
• MS-SQL: FreeTDS / UnixODBC
• SNMP Server: net-snmp
• crontab / atd
• MRTG / iptraf / nload / iftop
• smokeping
• ntpdate / ntpd / chronyd / hwclock
• Bandwidthd
• Zabbix
• Cacti
• Nagios
• collectd
• git
• minicom
• Traffic Control: tc, htb, iptables, lartc.org
• Policy Routing: ip rule, ip route, iptables
• Bridge: brctrl
• Proxy ARP
• DNS Server - Authoritative, forward-only, master/slave : bind
• Dynamic DNS: ISC DHCP, BIND
• dnsmasq
• Squid: tproxy, wccp
• fdisk / gdisk
• LVM / RAID
• Super Server / inetd / xinetd
• telnet Server
• tftp Server
• ftp server: pureftpd, proftpd
• ftp client: ncftp, lftp
• Socks Server: dante
• Quagga: OSPF / BGP / RIP / IS-IS
• vrrp / keepalived
• Configuration management: Chef, Puppet, Ansible, SaltStack ,CFEngine
• data-serialization formats: YAML, XML, JSON
• Kernel Upgrade
• Lilo / Grub / Syslinux
• init / systemd / run level / sysV
• ACL / getfacl / setfacl / chattr
• Network Scanning: nmap
• Mail Server: Qmail / vpopmail / mysql / dovecot / roundcube / postfix / iredmail / daemontools
• webmin
• mc / ranger
• VLAN management: vconfig
• Bridge: ebtables, arptables, arp, arping
• Network Access Server: Radius Server (freeradius), VPN Server(poptop / pptpd), PPPOE Server
• OpenVPN/ vtund / l2tp/ ipsec / iptunnel
• Dark Web: Tor / Tor-Browser / Tails
• cryptocurrency : Blockchain/mining/ wallet/ Bitcoin, Ethereum
• Samba / openldap / kerberos / SMB,CIFS / NIS
• lxc / docker / kvm / libvirt / xen / qemu
• HAProxy: TCP/HTTP Load Balancer
• varnish
• Kubernetes: automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications
• Perl / CGI
• Python / Django
• Ruby / Rails
• IPv6 / HTTP/2 / QUIC
• Infrastructure as code (IaC): terraform
• Prometheus
• Grafana / Graphite
• ELK: Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana
• Databases: Neo4j Cassandra FluidDB MongoDB OrientDB cloudant (couchdb) Couchbase RethinkDB ArangoDB MarkLogic ClickHouse InfluxDB Druid Snowflake Redshift BigQuery
• Kafka: Distributed Streaming Platform
• Hadoop: distributed processing
• Digital Radio: icecast2 / ices
• Firewalls: iptables / ipset / recent / port-knocking / firewalld, ufw, nftables
• Fluentd: data collector
• Node.js: back-end JavaScript runtime environment
• Load Balancer: Seesaw, LoadMaster, ZEVENET, balance (https://balance.inlab.net/), pen (https://github.com/UlricE/pen)
• DNS high-availability : PowerDNS dnsdist, OpenBSD relayd
• DRBD: Distributed Replicated Block Device
• VNC: tightvnc, x11vnc
• SELinux
• LVS: Linux Virtual Server Cluster / Piranha Configuration Tool