Redhat 8.0 - Kernel 2.6 ======================= ******************************************************************************** How to Compile 2.6 kernel for RedHat 9 and 8.0 and get Fedora Updates Mike Chirico (mchirico@users.sourceforge.net or mchirico@comcast.net) Copyright (c) 2004 (GPU Free Documentation License) Last Updated: Mon Sep 13 08:58:06 EDT 2004 The latest version of this document can be found at: http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/README_26.txt?download For configs ref: http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=79320&package_id=109944 STEP 1: Download the latest version of the kernel and any patches. This documentation is done with linux-2.6.3, but look for later versions. http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/ And make sure you have the correct pgp key. From the shell prompt run the following to get the key: $ gpg --keyserver wwwkeys.pgp.net --recv-keys 0x517D0F0E Then download "linux-2.6.x.tar.gz.sign" for the current version and run $ gpg --verify linux-2.6.7.tar.gz.sign linux-2.6.7.tar.gz You just need to get authentication on the top first two lines. For more information reference the following: http://www.kernel.org/signature.html Also take a look at the following: http://www.codemonkey.org.uk/post-halloween-2.5.txt http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/README This has some useful hints on some of the changes needed. STEP 2: Download the latest version of module-init-tools "module-init-tools-3.0.tar.gz" and "modutils-2.4.21-23.src.rpm" http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/module-init-tools-3.0.tar.gz http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/modutils-2.4.21-23.src.rpm STEP 3: Install module-init-tools. This will replace depmod [/sbin/depmod] and other tools. tar -zxvf module-init-tools-3.0.tar.gz cd module-init-tools-3.0 ./configure --prefix=/ make make install ./generate-modprobe.conf /etc/modprobe.conf STEP 4: Install modutils-2.4.21-23.src.rpm. You may get warnings about user rusty and group rusty not existing. Also, yes, you'll have to force the install. If you don't do these steps for both Redhat 9 and Redhat 8, you'll have problems with the make modules_install. rpm -i modutils-2.4.21-23.src.rpm rpmbuild -bb /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/modutils.spec rpm -Fi /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/modutils-2.4.21-23.i386.rpm STEP 5: Install and configure the kernel. Do NOT use the /usr/src/linux area! Reference the README. I put my files in /home/src/kernel/ gunzip linux-2.6.3.tar.gz tar -xvf linux-2.6.3.tar cd linux-2.6.3 If you have patches install these now: bzip2 -dc ../patch-2.6.xx.bz2 | patch -p1 STEP 6: Copy the appropriate /usr/src/linux-2.4/configs [kernel-2.4.20-i686.config, kernel-2.4.20-i686-smp.config] to .config in whatever directory you are installing. In my case it's /home/src/kernel/linux-2.6.3 cp /usr/src/linux-2.4/configs/kernel-2.4.20-i686.config \ /home/src/kernel/linux-2.6.3/.config If you don't have the source configs, you can download them from here: https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=79320&package_id=109944 I've also included a file config2.6-chirico which was a 2.6 version for some of my systems. This isn't a bad reference if you run into trouble. STEP 7: Assuming you copied the appropriate kernel-2.4 config to .config, run the following which will run through necessary questions for the 2.6 kernel. Or, you might want to use the config2.6-chirico...this has already been run through make oldconfig on my system, and I've answered the necessary questions for a general system. make oldconfig See SPECIAL NOTES below if you've done this step multiple times, plus already done a "make bzImage" and "make modules" and need to old compiles. If you cannot get the config you want, instead, do a "make config" -- this will prompt you for all the necessary questions. Or, there is the terminal menu "make menuconfig" interface where you can specifically select options. STEP 8: This is very important. Make sure you're .config has the following in it CONFIG_EXT3_FS=y You'll run into the following error if you leave this =m instead of =y: pivotroot: pivot_root(/sysroot,/sysroot/initrd) failed This is because Redhat 9.0 and 8.0 use the ext3 filesystem for /boot ... STEP 9: Edit the Makefile and add changes to the Extraversion as desired. Patches will update these values as well. VERSION = 2 PATCHLEVEL = 6 SUBLEVEL = 3 EXTRAVERSION = -skim-ch6 STEP 10: make bzImage STEP 11: make modules STEP 12: make modules_install STEP 13: make install If you come across errors here, what version of "depmod" is being picked up in your path? Also, if you get a module not found, say the following: No module aic7xxx found for kernel 2.6.x Then, in /lib/modules/2.6.x/kernel/drivers/scsi/aic7xxx/ cp aic7xxx.ko aic7xxx.o insmod should look for aic7xxx.ko ;but , it looks for aic7xxx.o If you still have trouble, make the following change in the .config CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD=y and go back to STEP 10. You also may want to ref kernel-2.6.3-i686-smp-chirico-aic7xxx.config in http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/configs-0.3.tar.gz?download STEP 14: mkdir /sys STEP 15: /etc/rc.sysinit needs to be modified. Look for the following line: action $"Mounting proc filesystem: " mount -n -t proc /proc /proc and after this line enter the following: action $"Mounting sysfs filesystem: " mount -t sysfs none /sys Here's my /etc/rc.sysinit for reference: http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/rc.sysinit.txt?download Be very careful at this step. Backup the /etc/rc.sysinit file. Also make changes to "/etc/fstab" adding the following line: none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 A copy of my "/etc/fstab" can be found at the following location http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/fstab.txt?download You may also want to reference Thomer [http://thomer.com/linux/migrate-to-2.6.html ] STEP 16: Add the following to /etc/fstab for usb support. /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb usbdevfs defaults 0 0 STEP 17 (CHECKING EVERYTHING): Check the following: a. The new image file should be installed on boot and there should be sym link to it. My latest kernel is 2.6.3-skim-ch6, and I got the "-skim-ch6" from the values I put in the Makefile, so I see the following: /boot vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-2.6.3-skim-ch6 System.map -> System.map-2.6.3-skim-ch6 /boot/grub/grub.conf Should have been automatically updated from make. In /boot/grub/grub.conf change "default=0" to boot with the new kernel. Here's an example of my grub.conf: # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to # root (hd0,2) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/hda6 # initrd /initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/hda default=0 timeout=10 splashimage=(hd0,2)/grub/splash.xpm.gz title Red Hat Linux (2.6.3-skim-ch6) root (hd0,2) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.3-skim-ch6 ro root=LABEL=/ initrd /initrd-2.6.3-skim-ch6.img b. The directory /sys exists. Also check you /etc/fstab against mine, noting the "sys entry". http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/fstab.txt?download c. You added the mount command for sys in /etc/rc.sysinit d. CONFIG_EXT3_FS=y was used in the .config e. Run /sbin/lsmod or cat /proc/modules to make sure a 2.4 kernel module wasn't forgotten. Also look at "$cat /proc/iomem" STEP 18 (GETTING FEDORIA UPDATES: YUM): Yum works with RPM based systems to update packages automatically. Yum is an officially supported update mechanism for Fedora, and Fedora mirrors are set up as Yum repositories. Download: http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum/download.ptml Before installing Yum, or any RPM package, you'll need to do the following: export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19 Next, install Yum rpm -ivh yum-2.0.7-1.noarch.rpm The "/etc/yum.conf" may need to be updated. Here is an example file with the values for redhat 9 entered in directly [main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log pkgpolicy=newest distroverpkg=redhat-release tolerant=1 exactarch=1 [fedora-stable-9] name=Fedora Project Stable RPMS for RHL 9 baseurl=http://download.fedora.us/fedora/redhat/9/i386/yum/stable/ gpgcheck=1 [fedora-updates-9] name=Fedora Project update RPMS for RHL 9 baseurl=http://download.fedora.us/fedora/redhat/9/i386/yum/updates/ gpgcheck=1 NOTE: If you're using Redhat 8, replace 9 with "8.0" Next update your GPG-KEY rpm --import http://www.fedora.us/FEDORA-GPG-KEY rpm --import http://www.fedoralegacy.org/FEDORA-LEGACY-GPG-KEY Note, you may need more keys. I've copied all the Fedora keys that came on the DVD.iso. You can download them from here: http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/fedora_gpg_keys.tar.gz?download The following will download a lot of "HEADER" files, but WILL NOT update anything. Yes, I too thought my system was being updated with old files, but IT IS NOT. yum check-update After this runs, which takes awhile. You can then update selected packages. Here is an example of the "libpng10" package being updated. yum -y update libpng10 Also, subsequent calls to "yum check-update" shows what needs to be updated. To update every currently installed package yum -y update or to exclude packages like kernel and httpd: yum --exclude kernel* --exclude httpd* -y update STEP 19 (DEVELOP YOUR OWN 2.6 MODULES): You're done with the 2.6 build. So learn how to develop 2.6 kernel modules. First, checkout the following article http://lwn.net/Articles/driver-porting/ Then, take a look at the following sample code, which shows how to create /proc entries for communicating with the kernel and writing out to any available tty device. http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/procreadwrite.0.0.3.tar.gz?download UPGRADING TO FEDORA (DISKLESS INSTALL) It's possible to completely install Fedora by downloading the *.iso image, mount it to a loopback device, copy the Linux kernel images to /boot, modify grub, reboot, then have it find the *.iso image for the rest of the install. STEP A: Download the complete DVD package. It's 4 GB: FC2-i386-DVD.iso from: http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/core/2/i386/iso/ STEP B: Once downloaded check the md5sum md5sum FC2-i386-DVD.iso STEP C: Create a directory off of root for mounting the iso image. mkdir /iso0 STEP D: The DVD image file can be mounted with the following command: mount -o loop -t iso9660 /FC2-i386-DVD.iso /iso0 STEP E: Copy /iso0/images/pxeboot to the /boot directory cp -r /iso0/images/pxeboot /boot/. STEP F: Modify Grub to include the following: title Fedora (INIT) root (hd0,2) kernel /pxeboot/vmlinuz initrd /pxeboot/initrd.img Special note: Look at the other grub entries "root (hd0,1)", perhaps it's listed as "root (hd3,0)" or (hd2,0). This must be the same, so change hd0 above to match the other entries. STEP G: Make note of where FC2-i386-DVD.iso resides by issuing the "df" command. $ df . You'll need this location after reboot. It's something like /dev/hda1 or /dev/hdb2 STEP H: Reboot. When asked for the location of the "iso" file select FILE on the Fedora menu. put in the /dev/hda1 location above. Note if it's in a subdirectory off of this filesystem there is a text box to enter that as well. The install should proceed on its own from here. SPECIAL NOTES: Sometimes you may need a "make mrproper" and "make distclean" if you have previously done a "make modules" and made new changes to oldconfig. make mrproper make distclean make oldconfig ... REFERENCES: http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/README http://www.codemonkey.org.uk/post-halloween-2.5.txt http://kerneltrap.org/node/view/799 http://thomer.com/linux/migrate-to-2.6.html http://www.kernel.org/ http://bugzilla.kernel.org/ http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&group=linux.kernel http://linuxdevices.com/articles/AT3855888078.html http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/README_26.txt?download http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/rc.sysinit.txt?download http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/fstab.txt?download http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/configs-0.4.tar.gz?download https://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=353715 http://www.redhat.com/software/rhel/kernel26/ http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/KernelAnalysis-HOWTO.html http://www-124.ibm.com/linux/projects/?topic_id=2 (OpenPGP Signature with Kernel) http://www.kernel.org/signature.html Describing the boot process (Good but dated for 2.4 kernel. Still, take a look) http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki.pdf FEDORA: http://fedora.artoo.net/faq/ FEDORA GPG KEYS: http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/fedora_gpg_keys.tar.gz?download YUM: http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum/download.ptml http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=7448 KERNEL DRIVER DEVELOPMENT IN 2.6: Excellent (series of articles): http://lwn.net/Articles/driver-porting/ and http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/lkmpg.pdf Here's my sample program: http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/souptonuts/procreadwrite.0.0.3.tar.gz?download (Note in 2.6.6+ "current->tty" is being replaced with "current->signal->tty") Here's one on how to pass command line arguments to a module. http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/x333.html Good but dated for 2.4 kernel: http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive2/ or for the free version http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ http://linuxdevices.com/articles/AT4389927951.html http://linuxdevices.com/articles/AT5793467888.html Further index of on-line links: http://jungla.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html The OS used to develop Linux: http://www.minix.org/ http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/minix.html CONTRIBUTORS: Juan Antonio Martinez jVirdi ******************************************************************************** _BY: Pejman Moghadam_ _TAG: kernel_ _DATE: 2007-11-28 20:14:14_